{"id":431390,"date":"2021-06-09T23:29:26","date_gmt":"2021-06-09T20:29:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alegria-realestate.com\/?p=431390"},"modified":"2026-01-14T22:47:44","modified_gmt":"2026-01-14T19:47:44","slug":"inclusive-education-in-spain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alegria-realestate.com\/cs\/articles\/life-in-spain\/inclusive-education-in-spain","title":{"rendered":"Inkluzivn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ve \u0160pan\u011blsku"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Svet, ve kterem ma kazdy pristup ke <a href=\"https:\/\/alegria-realestate.com\/cs\/articles\/school-system-in-spain\">kvalitnimu vzdelani<\/a> bez ohledu na intelektualni, fyzicke, nabozenske, socialni, emocionalni, jazykove a dalsi schopnosti \u2013 uz neni utopii, ale stabilnim trendem poslednich let ve vsech vyspelych zemich sveta.<\/p>\n<p>Dnes bude rec o inkluzivnim vzdelavani (angl. <em>inclusion<\/em> \u2013 zacleneni, zapojeni, participace) ve Spanelsku \u2013 zemi, ktera v tomto smeru vyrazne pokrocila a muze byt prikladem pro mnoho statu, ktere jsou teprve na zacatku teto slozite, ale pro spolecensky blahobyt nesmirne dulezite cesty. Ve spanelskem vzdelavacim systemu se dostupne vzdelani pro vsechny stalo jednim z cilu udrzitelneho rozvoje (<em>los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible<\/em>), ktereho ma byt dosazeno do roku 2030.<\/p>\n<p>V tomto clanku vysvetlime, co je inkluzivni vzdelavani, jake cile sleduje a jak se uplatnuje ve spanelskych skolach.<\/p>\n<p>Podle udaju UNESCO dnes ve svete vice nez 260 milionu deti a mladych lidi nenavstevuje vzdelavaci instituce a 6 z 10 predstavitelu zranitelnych skupin ani po nekolika letech studia neziskalo zakladni dovednosti cteni, psani a pocitani, coz v budoucnu jen prohlubuje problem socialni nerovnosti.<\/p>\n<h2>Co nabizi inkluzivni vzdelavani ve Spanelsku?<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-431394 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/alegria-realestate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Educacio\u0301n-inclusiva-en-Espan\u0303a-4-1024x685.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"685\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alegria-realestate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Educacio\u0301n-inclusiva-en-Espan\u0303a-4-1024x685.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/alegria-realestate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Educacio\u0301n-inclusiva-en-Espan\u0303a-4-300x201.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/alegria-realestate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Educacio\u0301n-inclusiva-en-Espan\u0303a-4-768x514.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/alegria-realestate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Educacio\u0301n-inclusiva-en-Espan\u0303a-4.jpeg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Inkluzivni vzdelavani je model vzdelavani, ktery dokaze uspokojit vzdelavaci potreby vsech <a href=\"https:\/\/alegria-realestate.com\/cs\/articles\/russian-children-in-spain\">deti<\/a>, dospivajicich, mladych lidi i dospelych v pripadech, kdy kvuli individualnim zvlastnostem vznika riziko socialni izolace.<\/p>\n<p>Casto se pod inkluzivnim vzdelavanim v uzsim smyslu rozumi integrace deti se zdravotnim posti\u017eenim do vyuky, ve skutecnosti je vsak tento pojem mnohem sirsi a zahrnuje vsechny zaky, kteri z ruznych duvodu vypadavaji z obecneho vzdelavaciho systemu a jsou vystaveni diskriminaci kvuli sve rase, socialnimu postaveni, nabozenskym presvedcenim, kulture apod.<\/p>\n<p>Jake jsou rozdily mezi inkluzivnim vzdelavanim a tradicnim pristupem ke vzdelavani?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V tradicnim pristupu se zaci prizpusobuji platnemu ucivu, zatimco v inkluzivnim vzdelavani ucivo zohlednuje individualni potreby kazdeho zaka.<\/li>\n<li>V tradicnim pristupu se pro kazdou skupinu zaku stanovuji obecna kriteri hodnoceni, zatimco v inkluzivnim vzdelavani se analyzuji charakteristiky kazdeho zaka, aby mu byla zajistena potrebna podpora.<\/li>\n<li>V tradicnim pristupu navstevuji zaci se specialnimi potrebami specializovane nebo korekcni vzdelavaci instituce, zatimco inkluzivni vzdelavani predpoklada pristup techto osob do beznych skol, ktere jsou radne prizpusobeny odpovidajicim pedagogickym strategiim.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Jake jsou cile inkluzivniho vzdelavani?<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-431393 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/alegria-realestate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Educacio\u0301n-inclusiva-en-Espan\u0303a-3.jpeg\" alt=\"Inkluzivni vzdelavani ve Spanelsku\" width=\"996\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alegria-realestate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Educacio\u0301n-inclusiva-en-Espan\u0303a-3.jpeg 996w, https:\/\/alegria-realestate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Educacio\u0301n-inclusiva-en-Espan\u0303a-3-300x169.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/alegria-realestate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Educacio\u0301n-inclusiva-en-Espan\u0303a-3-768x432.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 996px) 100vw, 996px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Na zaklade uvedenych rozdilu oproti tradicnimu systemu vzdelavani si inkluzivni vyuka klade tyto cile:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dosa\u017een\u00ed socialni a akademicke integrace zaku do spolecneho vzdelavaciho procesu.<\/li>\n<li>Pozornost vsem zakum bez ohledu na jejich osobni charakteristiky.<\/li>\n<li>Podpora rovn\u00fdch prilezitosti na zaklade solidarity a vzajemne podpory ve tride.<\/li>\n<li>Spoluprace vsech osob, ktere se podileji na vzdelavani: ucitelu, spolu\u017eaku, rodicu, masmedii apod.<\/li>\n<li>Podpora principu inkluze jak v socialni, tak i v pracovni sfere.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Jake jsou prekazky inkluzivniho vzdelavani?<\/h2>\n<p>Navzdory svemu dobremu cili ma inkluzivni vzdelavani radu problemu a obtizi pri realizaci, mezi kterymi lze vyzdvihnout nasledujici:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Trvale mylne predstavy, ktere ztezuji integraci osob se zdravotnim postizenim nebo lidi z ruznych kultur.<\/li>\n<li>Specialni vybaveni a vyukove materialy: nektere skoly nemaji dostatecne zazemi, aby mohly prijimat zaky se zdravotnim postizenim.<\/li>\n<li>Vyukove programy, ktere jsou prilis rigidni a nehod\u00ed se pro flexibilni system vyuky.<\/li>\n<li>Uroven pripravy ucitelu nemusi odpovidat rozmanitosti pritomne v jedne tride.<\/li>\n<li>Nedostatecne financovani muze ovlivnit schopnost skoly prizpusobit se potrebam zaku ruznych skupin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Jak probiha inkluzivni vyuka ve tride?<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-431392 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/alegria-realestate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Educacio\u0301n-inclusiva-en-Espan\u0303a-2.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alegria-realestate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Educacio\u0301n-inclusiva-en-Espan\u0303a-2.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/alegria-realestate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Educacio\u0301n-inclusiva-en-Espan\u0303a-2-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/alegria-realestate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Educacio\u0301n-inclusiva-en-Espan\u0303a-2-768x512.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Inkluzivni vzdelavani predpoklada pro ucitele specifickou praci ve tride a jeho principy se zakladaji na nasledujicim:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Seznameni se zaky nebo studenty by nemelo byt formalni. Ucitel musi umet rozdelit svuj cas tak, aby poznal kazdeho zaka jako samostatnou osobnost s jeho zvlastnostmi. Ru\u0308zne hry, zive otazky a pisemne dotazniky, stejne jako pozorovani, jsou hlavni zpusoby, jak takove informace ziskat.<\/li>\n<li>Vyu\u017eiti aktivnich metod prace, spocivajicich v organizaci aktivit, ktere roz\u0161iruji obzory a rozvijeji kriticke mysleni, aby zaci lepe chapali rozmanitost sveta kolem sebe.<\/li>\n<li>Ruzna kriteri hodnoceni. Pokud ma vyuka kazdeho sve zvlastnosti, mely by i zpusoby hodnoceni zohlednovat individualitu kazdeho ditete.<\/li>\n<li>Zapojeni deti do vytvareni vzdelavaciho procesu. Inkluzivni vzdelavani by melo klast duraz na to, aby zaci mohli ridit vlastni uceni, tedy jeho tempo a rozsah.<\/li>\n<li>Narocne, ale dosazitelne cile. Ucitele by meli stanovovat cile, ktere jsou zajimave a narocne k dosazeni, ale ne nemozne.<\/li>\n<li>Uplatneni teorie mnohonasobne inteligence Howarda Gardnera. Podle teto teorie by mela byt inteligence posuzovana v ruznych konkretnich podminkach, a ne jako dominance jedne obecne schopnosti. Proto je ve tride s inkluzivnim pristupem nutne cenit kazdy typ inteligence, aby bylo mozne uspesne rozvijet jeho potencial.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Vzdelavaci system by mel usilovat o to, aby vsichni chlapci a divky chodili do skoly a mohli ziskat alespon zakladni vzdelani. Krome toho je ale dulezite, aby toto vzdelani bylo kvalitni a inkluzivni.<\/p>\n<div class=\"container mb-5\"><div class=\"popup_cons row\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/alegria-realestate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/15.png\"><span class=\"popup_cons_title\">\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0443, \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u0434 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0436 \u0432 \u0418\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430<\/span><span class=\"popup_cons_subtitle\">\u041f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/span><div class=\"btn-block\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"black-btn inversion modallink\">z\u00edskat poradenstv\u00ed<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"popup_bg\" id=\"popup_cons_form\"><div class=\"popup_container\"><div class=\"popup_cons_form row\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/alegria-realestate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/15.png\"><div class=\"popup_close\"><\/div><span class=\"popup_cons_form__title\">\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0443, \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u0434 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0436 \u0432 \u0418\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430<\/span><span class=\"popup_cons_form__subtitle\">\u041f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/span><form class=\"form-col\" id=\"service_popup_news\" method=\"post\"><input type=\"hidden\" value=\"cs_req\" name=\"lang_req\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" value=\"\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/431390\" name=\"curent_page\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" value=\"\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430\" name=\"form_name\" id=\"form_name\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" value=\"\" name=\"where_user\"\/><input type=\"hidden\" value=\"false\" name=\"send_message_hello\"\/><label class=\"name\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"contact_name\" placeholder=\"N\u00e1zev\"><\/label><label class=\"phone\"><input type=\"tel\" name=\"contact_phone\" placeholder=\"Telefon\"><\/label><label class=\"email\"><input type=\"email\" name=\"contact_email\" placeholder=\"E-mail\"><\/label><input type=\"submit\" class=\"black-btn inversion\" value=\"z\u00edskat poradenstv\u00ed\"><span class=\"priv-pol\">* Jsem obezn\u00e1men s <a href=\"https:\/\/alegria-realestate.com\/cs\/politica-de-privacidad\" target=\"_blank\">z\u00e1sady ochrany osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f<\/a><\/span><\/form><div class=\"director_orange d-none d-md-inline-block\"><span class=\"director__title\">V\u00e1\u0161 poradce:<\/span><div class=\"director__photo\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/anna_team.jpg\"><\/div><div class=\"director__info\"><span class=\"director__name\">Anna Zakharenko<\/span><span class=\"director__post\">vedouc\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p>V soucasnosti je ve Spanelsku pristup osob se zdravotnim postizenim k inkluzivnimu a rovn\u00e9mu skolnimu vzdelavani zajisten potrebnou podporou a ve stejnych tridach jako pro ostatni zaky, coz potvrzuje pravo zakotvene v Mezinarodni umluve o pravech techto osob (<em>Los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad<\/em> (CDPD)). Tento dokument byl ve Spanelsku podepsan a ratifikovan od roku 2008.<\/p>\n<p>Podle statistik v roce 2007 studovalo na vysokych skolach ve Spanelsku pouze kolem 4% studentu se zdravotnim postizenim, v roce 2012 jejich podil uz cinil 14,7% z celkoveho poctu. Do roku 2014 dosahl podil osob se zdravotnim postizenim, ktere ziskavaji vzdelani na spanelskych univerzitach, 17,3%, pricemz 6,2% se stalo postgradu\u00e1lnimi studenty. Posledni akademicky rok 2019\u20132020 ukazal, ze v tomto obdobi studovalo na spanelskych univerzitach 19.919 studentu s nejakou formou postizeni.<\/p>\n<p>Univerzity ve Spanelsku take pripravuji ucitele pro zakladni, stredni a vysoke skolstvi, kteri uplatnuji vuci inkluzi v praxi vyuky.<\/p>\n<p>Obecne lze Spanelsko oznacit za skvele misto pro ziskani vzdelani bez ohledu na socialni postaveni a inkluzivni vzdelavani se velmi harmonicky zaclenilo do hodnotoveho systemu teto rozvinute evropske zeme. Ale nejen pro Spanely \u2013 pro vsechny nas je dnes dulezite pochopit, ze inkluzivni vzdelavani je prilezitosti pro kazde dite vybudovat uspesnou budoucnost a uzivat si plnohodnotny a stastny zivot bez ohledu na jeho soucasny status.<\/p>\n<p>Mate jeste otazky ohledne inkluzivniho vzdelavani ve Spanelsku? Muzete je polozit nasim specialistum na <a href=\"https:\/\/alegria-realestate.com\/cs\/service\/spanish-school-entrance-service\">vzdelavani ve Spanelsku<\/a>, kdyz nas kontaktujete na telefonech uvedenych na webu nebo zanechate zadost \u2013 urcite vam zavolame zpet.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Svet, ve kterem ma kazdy pristup ke kvalitnimu vzdelani\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":431391,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[74,948],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-431390","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-life-in-spain","category-school-and-children-in-spain"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0418\u043d\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 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